Do the following directions:
1. Make 4 sentences using modal.
2. From those 4 sentences, 2 sentences must express possibility and permission and 2 others express obligation and necessity.
3. Give the reasons why they are different. (a modal expresses possibility in one sentence but expresses permission in another)
4. No similar sentence written by different students
5. Write them in comment form, and do not forget to write your NIM.
6. Submit them before Friday 04/03/2011.
NAME : ANNISA PUSPITA SARI
BalasHapusNIM : A320100211
CLASS : H
a.Ability
-The students could have practiced playing football this morning
reason : in this sentence we use could because it used to show the students ability of playing football in past time
b.Possibility
-I didn't see Tom.He might read his favourite book in the library.Like usual
reason : it use might because this sentence explain strong possibility.He might read his favourite book in library like usual.In like usual like words it show.Tom's habit and it maeans that it will to be a highestpossibility of Tom's doing at that time.
c.Obligation
-Riana must attend the meeting because she is a manager of the company
reason: because she is a manager of the company,she has a obligation to attend the meating.So, i use must
d.Necessity
-Dira must practice english all the time to improve her english capability
reason: It needs practice english all the time to improve english capability so must used in the sentence because it shows Dira's necessity to improve her english capability
NAME : ANGGRAENI PUTRI SARI
BalasHapusNIM : A320100234
CLASS: H
a.Obligation
-I should have done my science assigment last night to get a good score in science
reason: should in that sentence shows an obligation because do the assigment is the way to get a good score in science
b.Necessity
-She must buy a new bag because her old one is torn
reason : Must in that sentence shows her necessity, because her old is torn so it's to be her necessity to buy the new one
c.Possibility
-Lina may have lost her bag at the park
reason : because he has just from the park so it's to be the possibility when Lina her bag
d.Permission
-May I come to your house to night?I want to do my assigment with you
reason: May in that sentence shows my permission to come to my friends house because i need my friend's help. It's more polite than can because I need my friend's help
NAME : ANNISA PUSPITA SARI
BalasHapusNIM : A320100211
CLASS : H
a.Permission
-May you bring me your novel,I want lend it
reason: it shows a polite permission because I want to lend my friend novel so I ask for my friend permission to bring novel for me
b.Possibility
-I didn't see Tom.He might read his favourite book in the library.Like usual
reason : it use might because this sentence explain strong possibility.He might read his favourite book in library like usual.In like usual like words it show.Tom's habit and it maeans that it will to be a highestpossibility of Tom's doing at that time.
c.Obligation
-Riana must attend the meeting because she is a manager of the company
reason: because she is a manager of the company,she has a obligation to attend the meating.So, i use must
d.Necessity
-Dira must practice english all the time to improve her english capability
reason: It needs practice english all the time to improve english capability so must used in the sentence because it shows Dira's necessity to improve her english capability
NAME : NUR HIDAYATI
BalasHapusNIM : A320100188
CLASS : H
A.POSSIBILITY
This is sunday.He may go to his parent's home because every sunday he visit them.
*reason:
-This sunday and he has a habit to go to his parent's home everu sunday.So, it's to be strong possibility about his activitias in sunday.
B.PERMISSION
Next week iwant go to Jakarta.May you keep my house?
*Reason:
-Because he want go to jakarta next week,it mean future time ,so it use may.However,are generakky given in present form,with May being preferred for grating permission.may occur in a simple request that does not involve. permission.
C.OBLIGLATION
She must coine to scool on time everyday because she is favorite student.
*reason:
because favorite student,so it's to be obligation to he on time everyday for coming school.
D.NECESSITY
We must brush our teeth twice day to get a healty teeth.
*reason:
-must in this use suggests.Its use ranges from a compulsion forced on us by life it self to a constaint we impose on our selves through a strong sense of duty or moral conscience.To get healyhy teeth,must used to shows tge necessity.
NAMA : DWI ERNA WIJAYANTI
BalasHapusNIM : A 320 100 212
CLASS : H
A. PERMISSION
May i borrow your dictionary today? I want to do my homework.
*Reason : it shows permission because i want to borrow the dictionary so i ask permission.
B. POSSIBILITY
She may have gone to the restaurant tomorrow.
*Reason : it shows possibility because she has a promise before, so it’s the strong possibility what she do tomorrow.
C. OBLIGATION
You should do your assignment last night not now in class.
*Reason : the truth is do the assignment last night not now, it’s the right way as student.
D. NECESSITY
I must buy electric dictionary, because i need to do my english assignment.
*Reason : to do an english assignment is using a dictionary, so i must buy an electric dictionary, so i must buy an electric dictionary.
NAMA : MARATINA INDAH PRASMAWATI
BalasHapusNIM : A 320 100 191
CLASS : H
A. POSSIBILITY
Rina may go to Jakarta for the holidays.
*Reason : because rina has just want go to the jakarta so it’s to be the possibility.
B. NECESSITY
I must study hard to get good grades.
*Reason : must in that sentence shows her necessity because to get good grades so it’s to be her necessity to study hard.
C. PERMISSION
May i borrow your book for three days? Because i want to study in my home.
*Reason : it shows permission because i want borrow your book so i ask permission.
D. OBLIGATION
She must prepare herself now in order to not to be late go to the party.
*Reason : must in that sentence shows an obligation because prepare herself now is the way in order to not to be late go to party.
From the above answers I still cannot find the word 'must' to express necessity. Those 'must' words still express obligation.
BalasHapusName : Sri Meilani L.
BalasHapusNIM : A320080022
1. The teacher came late this morning, he might have been sick. (possibility)
The sentence above using modal auxiliary might as possibility which is considerably slighter or weaker than that expressed by may. Might here expresses something which is uncertain thing because he does not know the condition of his teacher.
2. May I smoke in your class? (permission)
The function of may in the sentence above as permission. It is considered more formal and polite than can or could.
3. You failed, you ought to have studied more. (obligation)
Ought to, like should, expresses avoidable obligation. It relates to present or future time. The intention of the sentence above is that when we want to success or do not want to get fail again so we have to do more study, in other word it is an obligation.
4. People must eat to live. (necessity)
Must expresses the idea of necessity or a condition which cannot be changed. The intention of it is that without eat we cannot live so it is kind of necessity. That is why that sentence use must as its modal auxiliary.
.
BalasHapusNane: Arwin Adin P
BalasHapusNim : A.320 080 223
a> Abillity
"He can plays piano well."
'that statment use present tense. Modal "can" use to show the abillity of someone that he can plays piano well. he knows how to play the piano. he wanna shows that he can plays the piano to everyone and this statment is not last time but now.
b> Permission
"May I stay here?"
'that statment shows a expressing permission. maybe they stay in every place and they have to stay here, because some reasons. they try permission to live here. So they use "may" to expressing permission.
c> Obligation
"You must go now because I want to go to campus."
'That statment use "must" because they have urgent situation. They must go to campus now. Thay cannot dealy their activity.'
d> Request
"Could you take my dictionary?"
'That statment have purpose to request something. That statment have a function to keep the attitide if you wanna a something especially in stranger (people), you use "could" to request something.'
e> Obligation
" you have to go now otherise you will miss the bus."
'That statment have a difference with "must" and "have to", when the statment or sentence use "have to" to expressing obligatio, it still a choice and this statment have a time to thing. but if you use "must" the statment have a urgent situation as trough, it does not have a choice.'
Nama : Dwi Jayanti Novi P
BalasHapusNIM : A 320 080 279
Class : H
*Permission
Example : Excuse me, sir! May I sit down here?
→ This sentence use modal auxilary “MAY” because it shows polite permission toward someone who seat closely with the empty chair in that situation.
*Possibility
Example : I didn’t serious in this semester. I may get bad scores.
→ This sentence use “MAY” to show if that sentence tell us the possibility of the speakers’s feeling about her scores.
And we use “MAY” to express an opimion that we think has a good possibility of being true.
*Obligation
Example : I must attend the class today because there is final English test
→ Use modal auxilary “must” + the verb show strong decision of the speaker to attend the class. And use must + verb when you are 100% sure.
*Necessity
Example : If you want to refresh your mind, you must to do the shopping as I had already done.
→Use “must’ in this sentence show such a suggestion toward the speaker’s friend to refresh her mind.
PUJI HASTUTI
BalasHapusA320 080 355
CLASS H
a) POSSIBILITY
I do not remember where I put my key. I may leave it at home.
" this sentence use 'may' to show possibility that harder than 'might'.so in this sentence modal'may' determine that I forget put my key, because may I leave at home."
b) PERMISSION
You can go home after finish this job.
" this sentence use ' can' to show permission, this mean that people give a permission for a people that have done finish their job."
c) OBLIGATION
We must study hard and do our homework for tobe a good student.
" this sentence use ' must' to show a obligation, this mean that students must do their homework and study hard to be a good student."
d) NECESSITY
You must obey this regulation.
" this sentence use 'must' to show that something is necessity to be done and it can be a suggestion for people.
Name : Lailatul Qoimah
BalasHapusNIM : A320080127
Class : H
A. Possibility
* That party would be fun.
Reason: in this sentence, I use 'would' because it used to clarify the possibility that the party be fun.
B. Permission
* May I drink this water? I'm very thristy.
Reason: 'may' in this sentence shows permission to drink the water. it is polite to ask the permission than using modal can.
C. Obligation
* When the traffic light turns red, you must stop.
Reason: I use 'must' to indicates that you have an obligation when the traffic light turns red.
D. Necessity
* You have to leave this class now.
Reason: this sentence use 'have to' to required to leave the class now.
Name: Reni Nila Rahayu
BalasHapusNIM : A 320080126
Class : H
A. Possibility
> She might not make it to the wedding.
Reason: This sentence use "might" to prove the possibility that she may not come to the wedding.
B. Permission
> May I go to the party tonight?
Reason: "May" in that sentence shows my permission to come to the party. it is more polite than using modal can.
C. Obligation
> I must see the doctor soon because I don't feel well.
Reason: because i don't feel well, I have obligation to see the doctor well.
D. Necessity
> Could you open the window please?
Reason: this sentence required you to open the window.
Name: Niki Hudani
BalasHapusNIM: a320080137
Class: H
A. Possibility
> I may be in Jakarta next Sunday.
Reason: This sentence use modal May to prove the possibility that I have a plan go to Jakarta next Sunday.
B. Permission.
> Would you allow me to enter this room?
Reason: This sentence use modal Would to ask the permission to enter that room.
c. Obligation
> I have to drink the medicine before 12 o'clock.
Reason: This sentence use modal Have to because it is explain that the aim of modal have to show the obligation.
D. Necessity
> She could go to the market tomorrow.
Reason: This sentence use modal could explain that she is required to go to the market tomorrow.
Name: Hesti Ratna Asih
BalasHapusNIM: A320080140
Class: H
A. Possibility
- We may go to supermarket next week.
Reason: This sentence use 'may' because the sentence shows the possibility that we going to go to supermarket next week.
B. Permission
- May I seat on this grass?
Reason: This interrogative sentence use 'may' to indicates permission sentence. The function of 'may' to explain polite permission.
C. Obligation
- I had to work extra hours to pay my bills.
Reason: 'had to' is indicates obligation in the past that I have an obligation to work extra, so I can pay my bills.
D. Necessity
- You look so tired, so you must have a rest.
Reason: Word 'must' in this sentence shows that you need a rest because you look so tired.
Name : Rendy Tyas Logislatif STRUCTURE2
BalasHapusNIM : A320080112
A. PERMISSION
1. Would you like to dance with me?
2. We would like to order now, please.
Reasons : This expression is often used in permission, it can also means request.
B. POSSIBILITY
1. It might rain tomorrow.
2. It might be warmer tommorow.
Reasons : In this case, could, may ,or might mean the same. The speakers it not sure of the statment made when using these modal.
C. OBLIGATION
1. Ani should study tonight.
2. Budi ough to play football now.
Reasons : Obligation is stronger that should. With should the person has some chioce on wether or not to act, but with must the person has no choice.
D. NECESSITY
1. Chicho has to call his insurance agent today.
2. The students have to study hard before an examination.
Reasons : This modal means the same as must but in necessity is using (have/has/had to) to shows that something must be doing.
Sri Wahyuni/ A320080082
BalasHapusObligation: I must go to hospital now, because my sister has accident.
Reason: "must" in the sentence above shows an obligation. The sister of "I" has accident, so "I" to go hospital to know the condition of sister and accompany her. Situation of statement above is an important incident, because "I" don't know about the condition of sister after the accident. So, "I" exist in push situation which require "I" to go hospital in that time.
Necessity : She must meet her lecturer to get revision for her examination.
Reason : "must" in the sentence above shows a necessity, because if "She" wants to get revision for her examination, she must meet her lecturer. Without meeting her lecturer, she will not get revision.
Possibility : She may not meet you next Sunday. Every Sunday, her mother always visits her in her boarding house.
Reason : "may not" in the sentence above shows a possibility, because "she" doesn't know what "she" can meet "you" next Sunday, because usually her mother visits her in Sunday, but maybe her mother doesn't visit her, so "she" can meet "you"
Permission : Okay, my beloved sister, you may have a cookie after lunch.
Reason: "May" in the sentence above shows permission. Because the sister is given permission to have a cookie after lunch.
Name: Nyami Sunani
BalasHapusNIM: A320080033
1. Expressing Possibility
You had better take along some cash. The restaurant may not accept credit cards.
Reason: in the statement above, the modal “may” has a meaning of possibility (may=mungkin). It is not suitable to be implemented in permission, while in another sentence such as “May I borrow your book?” it expresses permission (may=boleh).
2. Expressing Permission
Kate: Can you hold your breath for more than a minute?
Jack: No, I can't.
Reason: in that statement, the modal “can” is suitable because it is used between peers (can=dapatkah), while “could” can be used to make a more polite permission such as to the ones who are older than us, while in another sentence such as “I can do it!” expresses ability.(can=bisa).
3. Expressing Obligation
We must do prayer five times a day because it is our duty as Muslims unless God will punish us so that we will get sins and get into the hell.
Reason: “must” is used to express the thing that really must be done (must=harus).
4. Expressing Necessities
You have to eat nutritious foods, do sports and take enough rest to keep your body healthy the whole day.
Reason: “have to” is used to express something that should be done (have to=sebaiknya).
Name: Yesi Susanti
BalasHapusNIM: A 320080150
Class: H
A.POSSIBILITY
•She might need her shoes now.
Might is verb II past form of may. Because might more doubt than may. She might need her shoes, and this expression of possibility.
B.PERMISSION
•Could you help me a moment?
Because could more polite way of asking permission or making request. Could, would more polite if it used on permission than can.
C.OBLIGATION
•You should obey your parents.
Should have the impression does not force but only suggest, this sentence express the subject’s obligation of the children to respect to his or her parents.
D.NECESSITY
•I must study for my final examination.
Because the modal of must show that the study must to do to get final examination.
Nama : Trimo Purwono
BalasHapusNIM : A320 080 138
Kelas: H
A. POSSIBILITY
1. Today is hot, is not it? I think it might
rain.
2. If you have not a lot of money, you might
borrow it from The BANK.
Reason: This Expression is to express the
possibility because this sentence
explain strong possibility.
B. PERMISSION
1. May I borrow your English Conversation,
please?
2. Can I help you?
Reason: May is use to asking Permission
Because, this Modal always appear when
we asking Permission to others in every
situation. Can is use to ask person to
offering service.
C. OBLIGATION
1.You must study hard!.
2.My mother should go to Hospital, because
she has serious injury.
Reason : This expression is use to express Obligatory sentence or expression when we obligate someone to do something what we want.
D. NECESSITY
1.I have to go to book store.
2.She ought to take a rest.
Reason : This Expression is usually to express
Necessity.
NAME : SITI ARIFAH
BalasHapusNIM : A320100210
1.Obligation
Afra ought to use an umbrella because the rain is falling heavily outside.
The reason :
Ought to is also used for obligation. Ought to occur in statement about one’s duty or one’s advantage. I choose ought to because the rain is falling now outside. Thus Afra ought to use umbrella and it gives advantage for her. If Afra doesn’t use umbrella, she will be wet.
2. Permission
May Rina and I visit your house to see your books collection? We really want to see it.
The reason :
I choose may because it shows permission. If we want to go our friend’s house we have to permit first. It is a part of attitude. So I use may.
3.Possibility
Khumaira didn’t accept my telephone. She might sleep in her bedroom. So she didn’t know about that.
The reason :
Might is used for possibility. I choose might because I don’t know the right answer why she doesn’t accept my telephone. She might sleep, she might take a bath or others. Thus, it is still possibility and I choose might.
4.Necessity
The human must eat and drink everyday to defend their life in this world. If they don’t do that they will die.
The reason :
Eating and drinking are the necessary for human life in this world. Thus they are very important. I think they are like duty for human life in the world. So the people must eat and drink if they want life and the people can’t leave this regular activity. Thus I choose must.
NAME : YULIAN ILHAM
BalasHapusNIM : A3200 80 101
1. PERMISSION.
A. May i borrow your bicycle?
B. Can you show me the way to get to the sunan hotel?
Strict schoolbook rules say we must use only may for permission. However, in informal speech, cultivated speakers frequently also use can for permission. Of the two past forms denoting permission, might is more deferential in tone than could is.
A request for permission often takes the form of a question. The request may be in first person or in third person.
2. POSSIBILITY.
A. Something can (or may) go wrong or something could (or might) go wrong.
B. Something could (or may, might) have gone wrong.
According to dictionary definitions, anything that is possible may or can be, or may or can happen. May simply indicates a possible chance, often with the negative implied as the other possibility (it may or may not rain). Can suggests what is within the limits of possibility; it often connotes greater certainty. The forms used for past possibility are may (or might) have and could have.
3. OBLIGATION.
A. You should do your homework every day.
B. She ought to eat less if she wants to lose weight.
Should and ought to occur in statements about one’s duty or one’s advantage which one is free to accept or reject.
4. NECESSITY.
A. This is a good movie. You must watch it.
B. The time is over. We must go.
The difference between obligation and necessity is often one of degree only. While statements with should and ought to suggest a desirable course of action, which may possibly not be acted upon, must and have to suggest a more urgent course of action which does not allow for the possibility or rejection-you must do your homework every day; i must keep my word.
NAME : YULIAN ILHAM
BalasHapusNIM : A3200 80 101
1. PERMISSION.
A. May i borrow your bicycle?
B. Can you show me the way to get to the sunan hotel?
Strict schoolbook rules say we must use only may for permission. However, in informal speech, cultivated speakers frequently also use can for permission. Of the two past forms denoting permission, might is more deferential in tone than could is.
A request for permission often takes the form of a question. The request may be in first person or in third person.
2. POSSIBILITY.
A. Something can (or may) go wrong or something could (or might) go wrong.
B. Something could (or may, might) have gone wrong.
According to dictionary definitions, anything that is possible may or can be, or may or can happen. May simply indicates a possible chance, often with the negative implied as the other possibility (it may or may not rain). Can suggests what is within the limits of possibility; it often connotes greater certainty. The forms used for past possibility are may (or might) have and could have.
3. OBLIGATION.
A. You should do your homework every day.
B. She ought to eat less if she wants to lose weight.
Should and ought to occur in statements about one’s duty or one’s advantage which one is free to accept or reject.
4. NECESSITY.
A. This is a good movie. You must watch it.
B. The time is over. We must go.
The difference between obligation and necessity is often one of degree only. While statements with should and ought to suggest a desirable course of action, which may possibly not be acted upon, must and have to suggest a more urgent course of action which does not allow for the possibility or rejection-you must do your homework every day; i must keep my word.
Nama:Linda Ratna Susila
BalasHapusNim:A320100173
Class:H
Possibility:
My teacher could be angry if i did not do my work.
Reason:Because could use in conditional sentence,so it is possibility sentence.
Permission:
May i borrow your bag?
Reason:May use in permission expression and may more polite use in permission sentence.
Obligation:
I must get up early every morning.
Reason:
Obligation adalah kewajiban.So in those sentence it must be done by me.And imust do it every morning.
Necessity:
-We must struggle and pray hard to reach our aims.
-I have to go home now,so my mother will not angry with me.
Reason:
From the second sentence we know that I must be back to his home now if i go home late so my mother will be angry with me.
NAME : RATIH NASALIA YULIANTI
BalasHapusNIM : A 320 080 087
class: H
A. POSSIBILITY
# I'm not sure where to go for my holidays but I may go to Italy.
Reason: may use to talk about possible happening or possible actions in the future.
B. PERMISSION
# May I use your telephone?
Reason: may use for asking and giving permission.
C. OBLIGATION
#You should go and see the film.
Reason: you should go means that it would be a good thing to do. We often used should (do) when we say what we think is a good thing to do or the right thing to do.
D. NECESSITY
#You don’t have to (must) wear a suit to work but I usually do.
Reason: It’s means that it is necessary to do it.
Name : Khoerul Huda
BalasHapusNim : A 320 080 089
Class : H
A.possibility
It may rain tomorrow.
Reason: may express possibility in the present or future.
B.Permission
May I come in?
Reason: may express to asking people to do things, asking for, and giving permission.
C.Necessity
You must have a passport to visit most foreign countries.
Reason: must is use to say that it is necessary to do something.
D.Obligation
You must stop smoking.
Reason: must mean that it would be a good thing to do.
Name :Mohammad Sholeh Shidiq
BalasHapusNim :A320080142
Class:H
A.PERMISSION
May I use your pen?
Reason:because the Sentence use to asking permission to other people
B.POSSIBLE
My brother might be at the library.
Reason:because the expression is to express Possible and the event in the last.
C.OBLIGATION
You should obey your parents.
Reason:This expression is to use to express when we obligate someone to do something what we want.
D.NECESSiTY
She ought to do well on the test.
Reason:because is to express certainty about event is the future.
Name: Darmawan Rosadi
BalasHapusNim : A 320080124
Class: H
A. POSSIBILITY
- I don't have schedule today, so I can join to the holiday.
Reason: To describe the possibility if he or she to join the holiday.
B. Permission
- Could you change me to this meeting?
Reason: To require the other person with the smooth way.
C. OBLIGATION
- The final assignment has to collect before final examination.
Reason: The function of this modal is to express the obligation sentence.
D. NECESSITY
- I ought to stop smoking.
Reason: Ought to have the same meaning of need and the function on this sentence is to motivate to stop smoking.
name : Ana wijyanti
BalasHapusnim : A32010010
class : H
A.POSSIBILITY
-He can play piano very well.
-reason : to describe the possibility if "he" can play piano very well.
B.PERMISSION
-May i back to hone now?because my aunt will arrive to show my new gown.
-reason : to ask a permissionj to someone.
C.OBLIGATION
-You must get up earlier in the morning.
- reason : to ask you must to do
D.NECESSITY
-They ougth to have stopped at the traffic lights.
-reason : to show the obligate.