THE MATERIALS OF STRUCTURE II

1. Modality (can/could, may/might, must, shall/should, will/would, have to, ought to, used to)
a. Expressing possibility
1) Affirmative
2) Negative
3) Interrogative (yes/no and question words)
b. Expressing permission
1) Affirmative
2) Negative
3) Interrogative (yes/no and question words)
c. Expressing obligation
1) Affirmative
2) Negative
3) Interrogative (yes/no and question words)
d. Expressing deduction
1) Affirmative
2) Negative
3) Interrogative (yes/no and question words)
e. Expressing request
1) Affirmative
2) Negative
3) Interrogative (yes/no and question words)
f. Expressing common sense/disappointment
1) Affirmative
2) Negative
3) Interrogative (yes/no and question words)
g. Expressing past habit
1) Affirmative
2) Negative
3) Interrogative (yes/no and question words)
h. Expressing a process of becoming familiar
1) Affirmative
2) Negative
3) Interrogative (yes/no and question words)

2. Gerund and Infinitive
a. As subject/object
b. After certain/phase verbs
c. Passive gerund and infinitive
d. After preposition
e. After possessive case and apostrophe

3. impersonal ‘It’ and introductory ‘There’
a. expressing weather/time
b. preparatory (substitute for infinitive subject construction)
c. introductory (followed by subjective and objective pronoun)
d. cataphoric/anaphoric

4. Simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentence
a. Independent (main) and dependent (sub) clauses
b. Conjunction (coordinating, correlative/pair, subordinating) in compound sentence

5. adjective clauses
a. relative pronoun (who/ever, whom, which, that, whose, when/ever, where/ever, why)
b. present participial phrase
c. past participial phrase

6. noun clauses in complex sentences:
a. that
b. if/whether
c. question words

7. adverbial clauses in complex sentences
a. of time
b. of place
c. of contrast
d. of cause
e. of result
f. of purpose
g. of condition
h. of proportion/stereotype/double comparative
i. of concession
j. of manner
k. of comparison
l. etc.